COMPONENTS, FUNCTIONS AND HOW TO WORK ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Engine Lubrication System - Hello friends, in this article we will share information about the automotive world, this time the discussion is about the oil system in cars. We will discuss in more detail the components of the oil system, the functions of the oil system, and how the oil system works in a car.

The oil system is one of the most important and necessary systems in a car engine. The oil system in a car is a support system for a machine that is used to keep various components in their best condition.

In a car engine oil system, there are components that have their respective functions. The oil system components consist of a filter, oil pump, oil feed, and various other components. These various components will distribute lubricant or oil to various parts of the engine that are in need.

The way the oil system works depends on the type of oil system used. But generally for cars using a press-type oil system. The lubricating oil will be sucked and pressed by the pump and flowed to various components to form a film layer so that the part can be protected. After the oil system has finished working, the lubricating oil will return to the oil trough due to the force of gravity.

Therefore the oil system in cars is very important. For more details about the oil system in cars, both the function of the oil system, the components of the oil system, and how the oil system works will be discussed in the following article.

The function of the oil system in a car engine:

• Reduces friction and prevents wear and heat. Oil forms an oil film or oil layer to prevent direct contact between rubbing components.
• Cools rubbing component parts.
• Close the engine parts that still have gaps. Oil serves as a seal for example to fill the space between the piston and the cylinder wall.
• Remove any dirt or gram remains of engine parts.
• Prevent the occurrence of rust on engine parts or components.

The oil system in cars is only used to distribute lubricating oil to all parts of the engine that need it. Meanwhile, to carry out the functions of the oil system, lubricating oil is made so that all the functions of the oil system above can be achieved. In lubricating oil, there are various additives that have the ability to form a film, heat resistance, not oxidize, and various other requirements. That way the car's oil system can work properly.

oil system components

In the oil system, there are various components that have different functions. For more details, the following is a discussion of the oil system components that are widely used in vehicles.

1. Oil Pan / Oil Karter

A crankcase, oil pan, or better known as the oil pan is part of an oil system that has a function to accommodate lubricating oil. The lubricating oil in the oil sump will be sucked in by the oil pump and then distributed to all components in the engine and will return to the oil sump. This is a cycle of oil to the engine.

2. Oil Strainer / Coarse Filter

A coarse filter or what is known as an oil strainer is part of a oil system that has a function to filter various impurities so they don't get sucked into the oil pump. This is so that dirt does not damage the oil pump.

3. Oil Pump / Oil Pump

The oil pump or oil pump is part of the oil system which functions to suck oil from the oil sump and then presses and distributes it to the moving parts of the engine. There are various kinds of oil pumps, but basically, the oil pump is driven by a camshaft shaft, timing belt, and so on. In its use, there are three types of oil pumps, namely the external gear oil pump, internal gear, and trochoid. These three types have two gears or sprockets, one of which is the driven gear, and one as the drive gear.

4. Oil Filter

In the oil system, there are usually two filters were The first filter or better known as the coarse filter functions to filter dirt from entering the oil pump, then the second filter, the oil filter, functions to filter dirt or grams so that it does not circulate to various engine components.

In the oil system, it is indeed made with a closed system, but dirt remains on the lubricant due to the presence of grams/gram or a scrap of scrap iron from friction between engine components. Therefore an oil filter is needed to filter out these various impurities. Various impurities will be filtered and deposited on the oil filter component, namely the filter element. Therefore it is necessary to replace the oil filter periodically, usually every 10000 km.

5. Oil Pressure Regulator / Relief Valve

The oil pressure regulator or relief valve is a component in the oil system that functions to regulate the oil pressure so that it remains stable even though the engine rotates. This component is usually combined with the oil pump. The way the oil pressure regulator works is actually very simple. When the rotation is low, the oil pressure is still low so that it is not able to resist the spring from the pressure regulator. However, it is different when the engine speed is high so that the oil pressure is able to resist the springs, which causes the path back to the oil sump to open. Then some of the lubricating oil will return to the oil reservoir to reduce the pressure from the lubricating oil.

6. Oil Feed / Oil Main Gallery

Oil feed or oil main gallery is part of an oil system that has a function as a lubricating oil line or path. This line has actually been designed from scratch since the machine was made. This oil line is made into various components that require oil such as bearings, cylinder walls, and various other components. This line also flows oil to the cylinder head for oil of the camshaft and valve mechanism. This line is seen from its function, there are two types, namely the inner jet or inner lane to lubricate various components inside the engine and the outer jet which functions to lubricate the system outside the engine, such as a turbocharger and so on.

7. Oil Jet

The oil jet is part of the oil system which functions to spray lubricating oil to the cylinder and piston walls. The shape of the oil jet itself is like a hole where the top will shrink to form a cone so that it will increase the pressure of the oil that is sprayed. In general, the oil jet is located at the bottom of the engine close to the crankshaft.

8. Engine Oil / Lubricants

Oil is the most important component in the oil system in order to work properly. The oil itself has several types, but in general, the ones that are widely used are synthetic lubricants. This oil is mixed with various additives, which over time will decrease its ability. Therefore it is necessary to change the lubricating oil periodically so that the function of the lubricating system can work optimally.

9. Oil Cooler

The oil cooler is an additional component in the oil system. Usually, this component is used in vehicles that have a turbocharger. The function of the oil cooler itself is a kind of radiator that functions to cool the oil before it enters the engine block so that cooling with oil will be maximized.

How Car Engine Oil System Works

1. When the Engine Is Off

When the engine stops, the oil pump does not work. As a result, there is no lubricating oil circulation process. The oil that is still attached to various engine components will decrease due to the force of gravity. However, not all oil returns to the oil sump. Some of the lubricants are still attached to the oil jet, oil main gallery, and the oil pump that is used for preparation when the engine starts.

2. When the Machine Is On

After the engine starts, the engine will rotate, as a result, the oil pump will also rotate. Thus the oil pump will work to suck and press the lubricating oil from the oil tank so that it can circulate. However, before it is inhaled, the oil will be filtered by a coarse filter so that the dirt is not carried away.

Furthermore, the lubricating oil will be forwarded to the oil filter to be filtered again and then flowed to the oil feed an oil jet to lubricate various engine components. Through the oil jet, lubricating oil will be sprayed onto engine parts such as pistons, cylinder walls, and other components. Apart from going through the oil jet, lubricating oil will also be distributed by the crankshaft component which is shaped like a hoe, namely the weight balance.

3. When the Lubricating System Pressure Increases

When the engine rotates faster, the oil pressure will increase. If this large pressure is allowed, various components of the oil system will be damaged due to not being able to withstand the pressure of the lubricant. Therefore, the oil system is added with a component called a pressure regulator. When the lubricant pressure rises, the pressure regulator works. The pressure regulator will open the oil channel to the crankcase so that some of the lubricating oil will return to the crankcase to lower the lubricating oil pressure.

4. Oil System Equipped With Oil Cooler

For an oil system equipped with an oil cooler, before the oil enters the oil feed and oil jet, the oil is cooled down first. There is a process that uses radiator water and some use direct air to reduce the temperature of the lubricating oil. After that, the lubricating oil is channeled into the oil feed and oil jet, and various other engine components.

This is a discussion of the oil system in car engines. Hopefully, this can be useful for all of you. Thank you for reading this article from our blog.