AUTOMOTIVE TIPS - PETROL ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS

Petrol engine fuel system - Hello automotive friends, on this occasion we will share information about the automotive world. In this article, we will discuss the petrol engine fuel system. You must have already known that based on the engines on cars there are those that use petrol engines and also diesel engines. In this article, you will learn about the fuel system in a petrol engine.

All components in the fuel system provide a continuous and smooth amount of petrol gas as long as the engine is running.

The result of the cooperation between the components with each other is gas vapor formed from a mixture of petrol and air in a certain ratio, according to the engine power requirements, namely between 10: 1 to 15: 1.

The combustion of petrol gas must be able to take place in the cylinder space perfectly and at the right times.

Considering the terms and conditions required by an engine with a petrol fuel system, of course, this requires the correct installation and adjustment requirements for each of its components.

The main parts of the fuel system are a petrol tank, carburetor, and air filter. The fuel tank provides the fuel system with a certain amount of petrol while the engine is running and flows along the pipeline to the fuel pump. The function of the fuel pump is to suck petrol from the tank and push it into the carburetor through the pipeline and fuel filter. The filtered petrol flows into the carburetor's float chamber to then undergo the mixing process with air, and the “petrol gas” from the carburetor is what causes the combustion in each engine cylinder.

1. Adjustment of Petrol Engine Fuel System

In the fuel system, adjustments are made to the carburetor, which is closely related to engine working conditions. The amount of petrol that must always be present in the carburetor is regulated by the float and the float needle. If the height of the buoy position does not match the position, then this can be adjusted by bending the adjusting component slightly at the end of the float rod using special pliers.

Making this adjustment is outside the carburetor where the float chamber cover is removed and lifted along with all the equipment. With a measuring rod, the height of the buoy position can be adjusted, which is as high as 45 mm from the gasket surface to the bottom plane of the float.

The no-load engine speed is regulated through two kinds of adjustments on the carburetor, namely adjustment of the gas valve opening adjustment screw and adjustment of the stationary speed adjustment screw. The two types of screws are located on the outside of the carburetor and adjusting is done simultaneously, namely when the engine is running to normal working temperature and the pedal is not being pressed.

By using a screwdriver, first, loosen the gas valve control bolt a little until the engine speed becomes slow but not to death.

Then the engine speed is adjusted with a screwdriver, the stationary adjusting bolt is turned left or right until the engine speed is around 500-800 rpm. If in this adjustment, the engine speed is still rough or tends to die, then the adjustment of the two screws is repeated again until the best stationary rotation is achieved. This means that the speed and power of the engine are balanced with the dose and ratio of the fuel mixture entering the cylinder chamber.

2. Maintenance of Petrol Engine Fuel Systems

To prevent and overcome engine work problems related to the fuel system, all its components need attention. The disturbance generally comes from leaks, blockage of petrol and airflow, damage to parts, expansion by excessive heat, and so on. The parts that require treatment are:

a. Carburetor

Clogged duct holes and nozzle, this can be overcome by dismantling the carburetor and then using the compressor air pressure to blow repeatedly all the clogged duct holes.

b. Fuel pumps

Because this pump works by sucking and pressing the petrol with a membrane, the condition and position of the suction valve/pressure valve require inspection, repair, or replacement with a new one. Likewise, membrane elastic materials are often torn, leaked, or have lost their elastic properties. Gasket leaks in pump parts can also result in petrol leaking into the engine lubrication chamber. Therefore it is advisable to always use a new gasket when making repairs and replacing parts and examining leaks that can weaken the suction power and pump pressure.

c. Fuel Filter

Dust and powder from solid substances mixed with petrol will be stuck in the filter so that over time the filter will clog or interfere with the smooth flow of petrol. For this, the filter needs to be checked, dismantled and the elements washed in a petrol puddle. Re-fitting should use a new gasket.

d. Air filter

The air that is sucked into the carburetor funnel is the air that is free from dust because it passes through the cleaning filter. There are two types of air filters, namely "dry filters" and "wet filters". Cleaning the dry filter element is by blowing the compressor or vacuum cleaner and cleaning the filter housing. If the element is too damaged, it must be replaced with a new element.

Wet filter, the elements are washed by shaking in a petrol puddle, the filter housing is cleaned and the oil fluid is replaced with new lubricating oil, until it reaches the specified surface mark.

e. Fuel Lines

If the flow of petrol is blocked or jammed in the pipelines between the tank and the carburetor, this can be overcome by opening the pipe joints and blowing from one end of the pipe with the pressure of the pump / compressor air, until all the impeding dirt, comes out. But there are times when this congestion occurs because the ventilation holes in the tank are tightly closed or because the conditions in the tank are very dirty. Therefore the tank needs to be drained, the filter and ventilation holes must be repaired.